Chain of Survival
At the heart of the guidelines is the Chain of Survival, first presented 20 years ago as away to simply and graphically highlight the essential and urgent actions needed to maximise chances of survival after cardiac arrest. The four links of the chain have been revised for 2025 to include recent advances in resuscitation science in prevention, dispatcher guidance, first response systems, survivor support, and recovery.
The first ring focuses on preventing cardiac arrest from happening in the first place and on the importance of fast recognition of a medical emergency when they occur so people can get help immediately.
The second ring emphasises early CPR and defibrillation, which combines the two critical actions in basic life support, keeping the blood circulating while acting to get the heart and brain working again as soon as possible.
The third ring represents the specialised medical care provided by professionals to stabilise the person and protect their brain and heart function.
The final fourth ring highlights the long-term process of recovery after a cardiac arrest and focuses on the importance of supporting the survivor and their supporters to improve their quality of life.
(copyright : The Chain of Survival can be downloaded and used for educational purposes free of costs. Commercial use needs an agreement with the ERC.)
Chain of Survival (Guidelines 2026)
Chain of Survival (animation and explanation)
